产品的定价目标采取的定价方法，酒店产品常用的定价方法

产品的定价目标采取的定价方法，酒店产品常用的定价方法
    为了实现酒店的定价目标，就要相应地采取适当的定价方法，也就是说给本酒店的产品制定一个基本的价格，并且在此基础上进行适当的调整。酒店在定价时主要考虑自己产品的成本、市场上的供求情况以及竞争情况三方面因素。但是在不同的时期，不同的酒店产品对各个因素的侧重点就有所不同，下面我们按照这三个因素来介绍酒店产品价格的确定方法。
（一）成本加成定价法
    成本加成定价法是按酒店产品的成本加上若干百分比的加成额进行定价。
    产品价格=每件产品总成本*（1/加成率）
    例如：某酒店饮料原成本为10元，餐饮部制定的成本加成率为40%，那么，该种饮料的成本系数就是40%的倒数，等于2.5，因此，该种饮料最后的价格就是P=10*2.5=25元。
    成本加成定价法计算方便，在市场环境基本稳定的前提下，酒店采用这中定价方法，可以保证其达到正常的利润率。另外，如果整个酒店行业都采用这种定价的方法，各个酒店的成本和加成率就都比较接近，定出的价格也就相差不大，互相之间的价格竞争也就不会太激烈。
    但是，这种定价方法只考虑了成本的因素，而没有分析酒店市场营销的需求弹性与顾客的心理。因此，一般来说，无论是在长期还是短期内，使用这种方法都不能使酒店获得最长远的利益。
（二）千分之一法
    由于酒店业的固定资产很庞大，包括土地、建筑物、设备设施、家具以及用品等等，酒店的固定资产要占总投资比例的70%~80%。因此，越来越多的酒店的经营者认为，酒店的建筑造价与客房产品的售价有着直接的联系，酒店业知道的一种以经验为基础的定价法“千分之一法”就是以酒店的建筑的总投资额为基数，按照酒店总造价的千分之一来划定酒店客房产品的平均价格。这种定价方法的目的就是要求一个合理的投资收益率，但是，因为它没有考虑市场的变化和酒店经营环境的变化，所以这只能作为酒店经营定价的一个基点或参考。
（三）目标收益定价法
    目标收益定价法是酒店按照与其获得的利润量来确定自己酒店产品价格的一种方法，其产品的价格是由其身的目标收益来确定的。酒店应用这种方法的步骤基本如下：
   （1）确定酒店的目标收益率。酒店的目标收益率是由酒店的经营者来决定的，在估计目标收益的时候，酒店经营者同时要考虑风险的程度、机会成本以及竞争对手的投资收益率。
   （2）确定酒店的目标利润总额
    酒店的目标利润总额=酒店的投资总额*酒店的目标收益率
   （3）预测自己酒店的销售量或顾客的需求量。
   （4）计算产品的平均价格。
    单位产品的平均价格=（平均产品的总成本+目标利润总额）/预测的销售量
    目标收益定价法的优点在于它同时考虑了投资消费水平、收入、价格以及利润等因素，可以保证实现既定的目标报酬率。可是，该方法的显著缺点就是要考虑价格与需求之间的关系，因此，酒店的营销定价人员采用这种方法制定出来的价格，不可能保证销售量的实现，尤其是需要弹性比较大的酒店产品，这个问题就变得更加突出。

Product pricing objectives to take pricing, hotel product pricing
    In order to achieve the pricing objectives of the hotel, we must accordingly take the appropriate pricing method, that is to develop a basic price of the product to the hotel, and make an appropriate adjustment on this basis. Hotel in the main consideration when pricing the cost of their products, the supply and demand on the market and competition factors. But at different times, different hotel product focus of each factor is different, here we follow these three factors to determine the method for the hotel product prices.
(A) cost-plus pricing
    Cost-plus pricing is priced hotel product cost plus a certain percentage of the bonus amount.
    Product price = each product the total cost * (1 / bonus rate)
    For example: a hotel beverages original cost of $ 10, food and beverage department to develop a cost-plus rate of 40%, the coefficient of the cost of the drink is the reciprocal of 40%, equal to 2.5, so the final price of the drinks is P = 10 * 2.5 = 25.
    Cost-plus pricing method convenient, the basic stability of the market environment, the hotel using this pricing method, can guarantee the normal profit margins. In addition, if the entire hotel industry have adopted this pricing method, the cost of each hotel and addition rates are relatively close to the price set less, the price competition between each other will not be too intense.
    However, this pricing method only consider the cost factor, but did not analyze the elasticity of demand in the market and customer psychology. Therefore, in general, whether in the long-term or short-term use of this approach makes the hotel the most long-term interests.
(B) one-thousandth France
    The fixed assets of the hotel industry is very large, including land, buildings, equipment, facilities, furniture and supplies, etc., the fixed assets of the hotel to the total investment proportion of 70% to 80%. A result, more and more hotel operators, hotel construction cost and the price of the room product is a direct link, the hotel industry know a pricing method based on the experience "one thousandth of the Law is to The architecture of the hotel's total investment amount of the base, according to one thousandth of the total construction cost of the hotel to designate the average price of hotel rooms. The purpose of this pricing method is to require a reasonable return on investment, however, because it does not take into account changes in the market and the hotel business environment changes, so this is only a basis point or reference pricing as hotel operators.
(C) of the target return pricing
    The target return pricing method is a way to the hotel in accordance with the amount of its profits to determine the price of their hotel, the prices of their products is determined by the body's target revenue. The steps of the hotel application of this method is basically as follows:
   (1) to determine the hotel's target rate of return. The hotel's target rate of return is determined by the hotel operator to estimate the target revenue, hotel operators should also consider the level of risk, opportunity cost, as well as competitors' investment yield.
   (2) to determine the total target profit of the hotel
    The hotel's target total profit = total investment of the hotel * hotel target rate of return
   (3) predict their hotel sales or customer demand.
   (4) Calculate the average price of the product.
    Average price per unit of product = (average total cost of the total + target profit) / forecast sales
    Target return pricing method is that it took into account the level of investment and consumption, income, prices, and profits and other factors, can guarantee to achieve the set target rate of return. However, this method has a significant drawback is to consider the relationship between price and demand, therefore, the hotel marketing pricing personnel using this method worked out in the price, can not guarantee the realization of sales, in particular the need for flexibility of a large hotel products, the problem becomes more prominent.